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- THE GULF INTERVIEW, Page 36An Urgent Call to Negotiate
-
-
- HOSNI MUBARAK, the President of Egypt, hopes a diplomatic
- solution can cool the month-old crisis but fears the region is
- moving tragically toward war
-
- By DEAN FISCHER/CAIRO and Hosni Mubarak
-
-
- Q. Is war unavoidable?
-
- A. We can avoid war. It is not that difficult. It depends
- on President Saddam Hussein. He should respond to the pressures
- to save his country and his people. War is a tragedy, a
- disaster. I can't understand why he doesn't realize what would
- happen if war broke out.
-
-
- Q. But time seems to be running out.
-
- A. He should understand what is happening in the world. His
- advisers should have the courage to persuade him to respond to
- international public opinion. This is the first time since
- World War I that nearly all the countries in the world are
- standing against the invasion of one country by another.
-
-
- Q. Do you accept the possibility that force might have to
- be used?
-
- A. I hope from my heart that we don't reach the point of
- using force. I hate war. But as a military man, I fear we are
- moving toward war. One word from Saddam Hussein would stop this
- catastrophe: Withdraw.
-
-
- Q. Could this confrontation have been avoided?
-
- A. I tried several times. I suggested a summit. I whispered
- in the ears of King Hussein that if President Saddam showed
- flexibility in withdrawing his forces and restoring the
- legitimate government of Kuwait, then we would put Arab forces
- in a buffer zone and start negotiations between them. I think
- the world would have respected this. King Hussein told me that
- Saddam agreed to a summit. When I asked him about withdrawal
- and restoration of the Kuwaiti government, King Hussein said
- he hadn't discussed those points. So I said how can I invite
- the heads of state to a summit? What am I going to tell them?
-
-
- Q. Did you see any signs before the Iraqi invasion that it
- was going to take place?
-
- A. I didn't have even the slightest thought that one Arab
- country would swallow another. I thought President Saddam was
- very reasonable.
-
-
- Q. At the Arab summit meeting in Baghdad last May, Saddam
- threatened to use the oil weapon against the U.S.
-
- A. I heard that from several heads of state. I'm used to
- hearing it every now and then. I did not think it was a signal
- that something was going to happen.
-
-
- Q. Did Saddam assure you that he had no intention of
- invading Kuwait?
-
- A. Yes, yes. He promised that he was only making a threat
- and he was not going to go beyond that. We were sitting
- tete-a-tete, just the two of us, and he said exactly that.
-
-
- Q. Do you think anybody outside Iraq knew of his plans?
-
- A. I heard some rumors that two other heads of state knew
- about it beforehand. [Although Mubarak would not specify, he
- is known to believe that the two were Jordan's King Hussein and
- President Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen.] But even if I had been
- told this before the invasion, I would never have believed he
- would do it.
-
-
- Q. Do you see any solution to this problem other than
- Saddam's withdrawing his forces and resolving his differences
- with Kuwait in negotiations?
-
- A. I advised President Saddam even before the invasion that
- his problems with Kuwait should be solved by negotiations. I
- told him he should realize that the problems would not be
- solved in two or three meetings and that some other heads of
- state were prepared to intervene to reach a good result for
- both sides.
-
-
- Q. What sort of negotiated settlement is acceptable to you?
-
- A. Iraq must withdraw from Kuwait. If Saddam Hussein agrees
- to evacuate, I will be the first to call for all foreign forces
- to leave the region. Then we shall replace them with Arab
- troops. Once the Kuwaiti government is restored, the problems
- between Iraq and Kuwait can be resolved in negotiations.
-
-
- Q. Henry Kissinger, for one, has said that if sanctions and
- diplomacy fail, the U.S. should consider a surgical and
- progressive destruction of Iraq's military assets.
-
- A. I care for the Iraqi people. I want them to be spared the
- miseries of war. I hope this can be avoided.
-
-
- Q. Some Americans have suggested the Arab countries should
- be doing more to defend against the threat of Iraqi aggression.
-
- A. Egypt, Syria and Morocco have joined the gulf countries
- in sending troops to Saudi Arabia. If King Fahd asks us for
- more troops, I am prepared to send them immediately.
-
-
- Q. What can be done to overcome the divisions in Arab
- opinion toward Iraq?
-
- A. I regret any divisions in the Arab world. But I also
- believe that if you are right in your judgments, time will heal
- everything. To us it is a question of principle. Those who
- disagree today will come back tomorrow.
-
-
- Q. What about the political future of the region? How will
- the crisis affect the Palestinian problem?
-
- A. If this crisis could be solved, I think it may be a
- little bit easier to address the Palestinian problem.
-
-
- Q. Why?
-
- A. People in this area will realize that negotiations are
- the best way of solving problems, rather than launching war
- against each other. For the time being, Palestinians are
- divided by Yasser Arafat's support for Iraq. But I think all
- of them will have to go back to the negotiating route after
- this crisis is over.
-
-
- Q. Will your improved relations with Syria help?
-
- A. I can't foretell what will happen. I know that when our
- two countries are friends, it is good for the Arab world.
-
-
- Q. You have been accused by Arab critics of being an
- American puppet. Now that you have deployed troops to Saudi
- Arabia and you are assisting in the American military buildup,
- how do you respond to that?
-
- A. I never respond to it. We are not puppets. We have our
- own interests, and we are not controlled by any country. We
- have good relations with America, with the Soviet Union, with
- Europe, with the Eastern bloc, with the African continent, even
- with the Arab world. Egypt is Egypt. Egypt will never be a
- puppet for anybody, and those who are saying this know it
- perfectly well.
-
-
- Q. But many Arabs are disturbed by the presence of foreign
- forces in Saudi Arabia.
-
- A. What could the Saudis do? When your country is
- threatened, you have to protect yourself. Many nations over the
- years have called for help from foreign armies. Even Egypt
- brought in Soviet troops after the 1967 defeat by Israel.
-
-
- Q. What does Saddam Hussein want out of this?
-
- A. I really don't know. Probably money and power.
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